In the realm of biomedical research, the quest for more accurate and efficient models is relentless. Among the most promising developments in recent years is the emergence of humanised mouse and rat models. These innovative models, infused with human cells, genes, or tissues, offer a closer approximation to human physiology, thereby revolutionizing preclinical studies and drug development processes.
Market Size and Share
The humanised mouse and rat model market have witnessed remarkable growth in recent years. In 2023, the market surpassed a value of USD 128.49 million, showcasing the increasing adoption and investment in these advanced models. Looking ahead, the market is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 10.1% during the forecast period of 2024-2032. By 2032, it is anticipated to soar to over USD 306.63 million, indicating a substantial expansion and widespread acceptance within the research community.
Trends Driving Growth
Several factors underpin the burgeoning growth of the humanised mouse and rat model market:
- Precision Medicine Initiatives: With the rising emphasis on personalized healthcare, there’s a growing demand for models that can mimic individualized human responses to treatments. Humanised models provide a platform for testing therapies tailored to specific genetic backgrounds or disease phenotypes, driving their adoption in precision medicine initiatives.
- Advancements in Genetic Engineering: Breakthroughs in genetic engineering techniques have facilitated the development of more sophisticated humanised models. CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in particular, has enabled precise modifications in the genomes of mice and rats, allowing researchers to create models with enhanced human-like characteristics.
- Drug Discovery and Development: Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly turning to humanised models to streamline the drug discovery and development process. By using these models in preclinical studies, researchers can better predict drug efficacy, toxicity, and adverse effects in humans, leading to more efficient and cost-effective drug development pipelines.
- Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases: The growing burden of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders necessitates better research tools for understanding disease mechanisms and testing novel therapies. Humanised mouse and rat models provide a valuable platform for studying complex disease pathways and evaluating potential interventions.
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Industry Segmentation
Type of Models:
Xenograft Models:
- Xenograft models involve the transplantation of human cells, tissues, or tumors into immunodeficient mice or rats.
- These models are widely used in oncology research to study tumor growth, metastasis, and drug response.
- Xenograft models can also be utilized for studying infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and regenerative medicine.
Humanized Immune System (HIS) Models:
- HIS models are engineered to possess a functional human immune system by engrafting human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunodeficient mice or rats.
- These models are invaluable for studying human immune responses, infectious diseases, vaccine development, and immunotherapy.
- HIS models enable researchers to investigate immune cell interactions, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and personalized cancer immunotherapies.
Tissue-Specific Humanized Models:
- Tissue-specific humanized models involve the engraftment of human cells or tissues into specific organs or tissues of mice or rats.
- Examples include humanized liver models, where human hepatocytes are transplanted into mouse livers, and humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) models, which mimic human hematopoiesis and immune system development.
- These models are utilized for studying organ-specific diseases, drug metabolism, and toxicity, as well as for evaluating cell-based therapies and organ regeneration.
Application Areas:
Drug Discovery:
- Humanized mouse and rat models play a crucial role in drug discovery by providing more predictive and translational preclinical models.
- These models are used to assess drug efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in a human-relevant context.
- Drug discovery applications encompass various therapeutic areas, including oncology, immunology, neurology, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases.
Precision Medicine:
- Precision medicine initiatives rely on humanized models to develop personalized therapies tailored to individual genetic backgrounds and disease phenotypes.
- Humanized models enable researchers to study patient-specific responses to treatments, identify biomarkers of drug response or resistance, and optimize therapeutic strategies for precision oncology and other disease indications.
Basic Research:
- Humanized mouse and rat models serve as valuable tools for basic research aimed at elucidating fundamental aspects of human biology, development, and disease.
- These models are used to investigate molecular pathways, gene functions, cell-cell interactions, and tissue regeneration processes in a humanized context.
- Basic research applications span a wide range of disciplines, including developmental biology, stem cell research, immunology, and neuroscience.
Toxicology Studies:
- Humanized models are employed in toxicology studies to assess the safety and potential adverse effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental exposures.
- These models enable researchers to evaluate drug metabolism, organ toxicity, immune reactions, and off-target effects more accurately than traditional animal models.
- Toxicology studies using humanized models contribute to the identification and mitigation of drug-induced toxicities during the drug development process.
Regenerative Medicine:
- Humanized mouse and rat models are instrumental in regenerative medicine research aimed at understanding tissue repair mechanisms and developing cell-based therapies.
- These models facilitate the transplantation and engraftment of human stem cells, progenitor cells, or tissue-engineered constructs for tissue regeneration and repair.
- Regenerative medicine applications include cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac repair, bone regeneration, and organ transplantation.
End Users:
Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies:
- Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies utilize humanized models in various stages of drug discovery and development, from target identification and validation to preclinical safety assessment and clinical trial optimization.
- These companies rely on humanized models to improve the predictive value of preclinical studies, reduce drug development costs, and accelerate the translation of novel therapeutics into clinical practice.
Academic and Research Institutions:
- Academic and research institutions conduct fundamental and translational research using humanized models to address diverse scientific questions and biomedical challenges.
- These institutions leverage humanized models to advance knowledge in fields such as immunology, cancer biology, infectious diseases, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine.
- Academic researchers use humanized models to generate new insights into disease mechanisms, develop innovative therapies, and train the next generation of scientists.
Contract Research Organizations (CROs):
- Contract research organizations provide specialized services using humanized models for preclinical drug testing, efficacy studies, safety assessments, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analyses.
- CROs offer expertise in model selection, experimental design, data analysis, and regulatory compliance to support pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in their drug development programs.
- These organizations play a crucial role in accelerating the drug development process by offering cost-effective and customizable solutions tailored to the specific needs of their clients.
Key Players
- The Jackson Laboratory
- GenOway S.A.
- TransGenic Inc.
- Horizon Discovery Group plc
- Vitalstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
- Others
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q. What are humanised mouse and rat models?
Humanised mouse and rat models are laboratory animals that have been genetically modified or engrafted with human cells, tissues, or genes to mimic human physiology and disease conditions more closely.
Q.What are the primary applications of humanised models?
Humanised models find applications in drug discovery, precision medicine, basic research, toxicology studies, and regenerative medicine, among others.
Q.How are humanised models created?
Humanised models can be created through various techniques, including xenotransplantation, genetic engineering (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9), and cell reprogramming.
Q. What advantages do humanised models offer over traditional animal models?
Humanised models offer several advantages, including improved relevance to human biology, enhanced predictivity of drug responses, and reduced reliance on human clinical trials for early-stage drug testing.
Q.Which industries are driving the demand for humanised models?
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic and research institutions, and contract research organizations (CROs) are among the primary industries driving the demand for humanised mouse and rat models.
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